Transformer

Transformer

A transformer is a static device that transfers electrical energy from one circuit to another circuit, either increasing or reducing the voltage while keeping the frequency the same. It works on the principle of electromagnetic induction. If it converts a low voltage level to a high voltage level, it is called a step-up transformer. If it converts a high voltage level to a low voltage level, it is called a step-down transformer.

There are many types of transformers. In this chapter, we will mainly discuss small transformers that are used in electronic circuits, also known as electronic transformers.


Structure:

A transformer has two coils, called the primary winding and the secondary winding. It also has a core on which the coils are wound. The coils are electrically isolated but magnetically coupled. The core can be either core-type or shell-type.

Types of Small Transformers

There are two main types of small transformers:

Core-type
Shell-type

Working:

When an AC voltage (v1) is applied to the primary winding of a transformer, a current (i1) flows through the primary coil. This creates a magnetic field in the coil, which is coupled to the core. The magnetic flux then induces a current (i2) in the secondary coil, if the secondary coil is closed.

Key Points

  • A transformer is a static device that transfers electrical energy from one circuit to another.

  • It works on the principle of electromagnetic induction.

  • There are two main types of transformers: step-up and step-down.

  • Small transformers are used in electronic circuits.

  • The core of a transformer can be either core-type or shell-type.

  • The working principle of a transformer is based on electromagnetic induction.

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