Introduction

Introduction

An embedded system is designed to perform a specific task. The term "embedded" refers to its integration within a larger system, while "system" signifies its structured nature. The three main components of an embedded system are hardware, software, and Real-Time Operating System (RTOS). Let's delve into these components with an example.


Example: Streetlight Automation

We all encounter streetlights that turn on at dusk and off at dawn. This functionality is achieved by a simple embedded system. By combining an LED, a power source, and programming within an electronic device, the system operates according to the embedded instructions. We will explore practical applications of embedded systems later, but first, let's understand their basic components.


Embedded Systems: A Historical Note

Charles Stark Draper at the MIT Instrumentation Center is credited with developing embedded systems.
Main Components of an Embedded System
Hardware: Microcontrollers and microprocessors are commonly used in embedded systems. The hardware also incorporates various components such as power supply, memory, input/output devices, and processor sets to execute tasks in conjunction.

Software: Programming is crucial for embedded systems, primarily focused on programming microcontrollers and microprocessors. The programmed instructions dictate the functions performed by the system.



RTOS (Real-Time Operating System): An RTOS facilitates real-time monitoring and is employed for applications requiring real-time responsiveness. Traffic signals are a prime example, where an RTOS ensures real-time traffic control.

Uses of Embedded Systems
Embedded systems are extensively used across various domains, and their significance continues to grow:

Automobile Industry: Embedded systems control motors, cruise control, GPS functionalities, engine safety features, and are increasingly used in electric vehicles and bicycles.


Consumer Electronics: Everyday electronics like microwave ovens, digital set-top boxes, and automatic washing machines utilize embedded systems.


Medical Field: Embedded systems are employed in medical equipment like CT scanners, ultrasound machines, fitness bands, and heartbeat monitoring systems.

Robotics: Large systems involving embedded subsystems are deployed for specific tasks and high-precision operations in various applications, including quality monitoring and logistics packaging.

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