Transistor

 Transistor

A transistor is an active electronic device composed of p-type and n-type semiconductors. It's used to amplify electrical signals and perform various other functions in electronic circuits. The invention of the transistor revolutionized the electronics industry. It was first invented in 1948 by American scientists Bardeen, Shockley, and Brattain.

There are two primary types of transistors:

(1) P-N-P Transistor 
(2) N-P-N Transistor

(1) P-N-P Transistor - P-N-P transistors consist of a thin n-type semiconductor layer sandwiched between two p-type semiconductor layers. This creates a three-layer structure: the central layer is called the base, the left layer is the emitter, and the right layer is the collector.

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(symbol)

(2) NPN Transistor: - In N-P-N transistors, a thin layer of p-type semiconductor is sandwiched between two n-type semiconductor layers, forming a three-layer structure. The central layer is called the base, the left layer is the emitter, and the right layer is the collector.
(figure)
(symbol)

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